But it turns out that if men are from Mars, then women may not be Venus after all as scans have revealed there is little difference in the structure between the brains of the sexes.
While specific parts show sex differences, an individual brain rarely has all 'male' traits or all 'female' traits and instead it is more likely to be a mixed bag - some things are more common in women, some more common in men, and some are common in both.
This goes against the idea that brains can be neatly divided into two sex-based categories, Daphna Joel of Tel-Aviv University and her co-authors concluded.
The team used MRI scans of more than 1,400 brains, focusing on anatomy rather than how brains work. They scored variable traits such as tissue thickness or volume in different parts of the brain.
They focused on traits that showed the biggest sex differences, dividing the scores into a predominantly 'male zone', a predominantly 'female zone', and an intermediate range.
The key question was: 'How often did a brain end up in just one of those three?'
Such consistency turned out to be unusual, generally found in 6 per cent or less of brains across analyses of several sets of data.
It was much more common for an individual to score in both the male and female zones than to show a lineup that indicated only one sex or the other.
The researchers also used a similar approach to analyse psychological and behavioural scores from two prior studies that covered more than 5,000 participants, and again got similar results.
Overall, the results showed 'human brains do not belong to one of two distinct categories,' male and female, the researchers said.
Professor Joel, from the School of Psychological Sciences at Tel Aviv University, said: 'There was extensive overlap for all brain regions and connections assessed, irrespective of the type of sample, measure or analysis.
'This extensive overlap undermines any attempt to distinguish between a 'male' and a 'female' form for specific brain structures.
'Rather, the forms that are evident in most females are also evident in most males.
'Human brains cannot be categorised into two distinct classes - male and female brain.'
Professor Joel said that while there are many small differences, very few individuals will have solely 'male' or 'female' traits.
Instead they will have a mixture of characteristics.
Men who enjoy traditional male pursuits such as watching sport, for example, can also like the ballet, usually more popular with women.
Professor Joel said that society has perpetuated the idea that men and women – and their brains – are poles apart to justify treating the sexes differently, and she argued that her research calls into question the wisdom of single-sex schooling.
'This is built on the assumption that boys and girls are two different classes of people. We show this is not true,' she said.
'People come in many, many different forms and most are equally likely in males and females.'
Larry Cahill, a neuroscientist at the University of California, Irvine, who didn't participate in the new study, said he agreed that brains contain varying mixtures of male and female anatomical traits.
But that doesn't rule out differences in how the brains of the two sexes work, he said.
There's 'a mountain of evidence proving the importance of sex influences at all levels of mammalian brain function,' he said.
That work shows how much sex must matter, 'even when we are not clear exactly how,' he said in an email.
The research is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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